Breast Cancer
Breast cancer Occurs when the cells in the breast begin to grow out of control and can then invade nearby tissues or spread throughout the body.
Management Adnexal Masses
Funtional or physiologix- follicles, hemorrhagic, corpus luteal
Inflammatory- PID, endometrioma
Other benign-paratubal cysts, hydrosalpinx, ectopic, ovarian torsion
Benign neoplasms-
- Germ cell- mature teratoma
- Sex cord- fibroma
- Epithelial- serous or mucinous cystadenoma
Malignant-
- Germ cell- dysgerminoma, immature teratoma
- Sex cord- granulose cell tumor, epithelial ovarian cancer
- Borderline or low malignant potential- invasive epithelial, fallopian tube cancinoma
Risk factors-
- Age- most important independent factor
- Family history- 10% germline mutation (more 90% BRCA1/BRCA2 and 10% mutations) associated with Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome)
- BRCA1 40-45% risk, BRCA2/HNPCC 10-20% risk
Evidence of vertical
Features suggestive of such mutations in an individual family-
- Multiple relatives with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon, GI, endometrial, pancreatic
- Women with more than one primary cancer, such as bilateral breast plus ovarian
- Cancer diagnosed in a family member younger than 50
- Evidence of vertical transmission in two or more generations
Symptoms: bloating, pelvic pain, early satiety, urinary urgency or frequency
Risks associated with increased ovarian cancer nulliparity, early menarche, and late menopause
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